By consistently shooing them away whenever they come near, theyll learn that theyre not welcome in your yard. For geese, it takes a lot of noise and effort to keep them from returning. Lions mane is a type of mushroom that is often used in cooking, and its taste and texture are more palatable when cooked. Woven wire or field fencing, with four-inch holes, are among the most commonly used to keep goats out of off-limits areas. Unfortunately, when it comes to ultrasonic devices, you should save your money. Plant mullein in areas you want to keep goats out. After two laps of that, Kalissa told Georgia that she would see her later and skated away. Second, you can fence off the lake or pond on your property. Generally, cow dung should do the trick. This should be plenty to frighten them away once again. The geese and ducks also create a swimmer's itch problem. Bird netting comes in a variety of shapes and forms making it an excellent product for gardens of all sizes. Flight Control has worked for us at an apartment complex with ponds. If the geese lay eggs, you should immediately cease using the aforementioned approaches. Cayenne pepper is not toxic to cats in itself. In a small bowl, crush the chili peppers, making sure to mash them well. However, cayenne pepper is not always the best solution. When the population gets out of control, the bird problems become compounded and can be challenging to handle. Goats hate the scent of certain herbs like lavender, sage, hydrangea, cayenne pepper and also detest animal dung and peppermint oil. WebThe smell of vinegar or cayenne pepper is also known to be an effective deterrent for pigeons. If you have a smaller pond and the geese issue is truly troubling you, gridding your pond is one possibility. Muminov, Azamjon, et al. For example, you could include a loofah or bath sponge to help the recipient get the most out of their new soap. Yes, sea salt is gluten free. Using cayenne pepper not only repels mice, but it also repels ants, roaches, and bugs. Just like pepper spray, the effects will wear off with time. 9 Sounds And Noises That Snakes Make (How To Identify Them), 29 Amazing Duck Facts (And Things You Didnt Know), How-To Guide: Using A Radio To Deter Foxes. Mullein will grow in any open, sunny area and prefers sandy soil. Your email address will not be published. Just be sure to use fresh peppers and not the pre-ground powder, as the latter is much less effective. the string only needs to be a couple inches off the ground. Allow to steep. You can plant hydrangea anywhere around your yard you would like to keep goats away. If youre tired of dealing with pesky geese, you may be wondering if theres a homemade goose repellent that can keep them away. Another thing geese hate? Frequently Asked Questions What smell keeps geese away? They will stay in warmer areas in the winter and move to different areas in the spring, which is also when they are preparing to mate. If you are a farmer or gardener and have certain crops planted, like different types of grains, corn, or even sunflowers, geese will eat these and you will suffer crop losses. They must be laid out in 12-inch checkers and should be approximately 8 inches above the waters surface. Geese love open green spaces, so its essential to make your lawn undesirable. A bird gel, like the Bird-X Bird-Proof Gel Bird Repellent, is a bio repellent gel that you can use to prevent birds and pigeons from congregating and roosting in unwanted areas outdoors. Not to mention I love to share the knowledge Ive gathered over the years with my readers at We Mow Dallas. The antioxidants in cayenne pepper include: vitamin C, which also supports the immune system. Understanding these two concepts may make it quite simple to get rid of the geese in a compassionate way. Cayenne pepper is not toxic to cats in itself. I grew up in an area of Upstate, NY where dealing with wildlife pests is a common occurrence. Use cayenne pepper for bug repellant. Geese are sensitive to the spice and it can act as a deterrent, keeping them from entering your yard or garden. Cayenne Pepper Keeps Goats Away Similar to many other animals, cayenne pepper keeps goats at bay. To get the right mixture to spray on plants, mix 16 parts of water with one part of cayenne pepper sauce. Mullein is a plant whose flowers have long been used for medicinal purposes. It is simple to keep squirrels away from bird seeds by adding cayenne pepper. Being hungry! Geese hate loud noises, lights in their sleeping areas, long grasses, obstructed access to waterfronts, and grape kool-aid. As an Amazon Associate, we earn from qualifying purchases. Spray your grass with Methyl Anthranilate if you want to stop geese from pooping in your yard. Birds dont like the taste of cayenne pepper and will avoid it at all costs, To create a cayenne spray thats sure to take care of pesky dogs in no time, use 1 part cayenne pepper to 10 parts water. As armadillos use their snouts when they dig, we decided to spread powdered cayenne pepper in the areas where they were rooting. How To Repel Mice Long Term These predator decoys can also work on your roof. Did you know that you could, Read More 11 Indoor Plants and Houseplants That Repel FliesContinue, With their large size and a bushel of quills on their back, porcupines are easily recognizable. Lawn Lime Calculator How Much to Add to soil? You can keep them off your lawn by spraying them with a hose whenever they enter your yard. Consider using tall, densely packed plants along waterways to make a natural barrier. Characteristics of feeding sites used by urban-suburban flocks of Canada geese in Connecticut. Wildlife Society Bulletin (1973-2006) 19.1 (1991): 36-38. Lakes or ponds with larger trees and bushes are less appealing for geese than open waterfronts because it is harder for them to graze there. Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment. Once you notice the patterns of the geese, you can choose a method of deterrence, as well as where to place the deterrents so that they have the most success at keeping the geese population at bay on your property. If you have water on your property, which you most likely do if you are being visited by a lot of geese, their droppings can pollute the water on your property as well. This can include making sure all of your trash is sealed, keeping your grass short so they cannot eat it, and making sure that you or anyone else is not throwing food to the geese at any time. Raccoons do not like to come near something that can bother their sensitive nose. Geese sleep at night and any lights that are intrusive and shining into the areas where they rest will most likely have them finding a different place to snooze. If you are having problems with cats using your yard as their private litter box, you can also use this spray to keep cats out of the sandbox and garden. know not to mess with a Sheltie. With a little effort, you can keep geese off your property for good! There are a few different ways you can make your property less desirable to geese. Every few days, sprinkle about cup of cayenne pepper throughout. Cayenne Pepper. it actually did say that you could kill them. One simple solution is to place objects that geese dont like around your yard, such as scarecrows or inflatable owls. Geese, one of the most common offenders, can be difficult to deter because they typically stay in a given area for long periods. 11 Indoor Plants and Houseplants That Repel Flies, 9 Foods That Attract Porcupines (And How To Keep Them Away). Here weve given some tips on how to keep geese away from your lawn and even detailed different devices that will help deter these birds from coming back in future. You can also try installing a fence or other barrier around your property to deter geese from entering. Yes, Kool-Aid keeps geese away. Birds find the smell of cayenne pepper an irritant because it harshly irritates their olfactory glands. (Any oil will work.) Using cayenne pepper not only repels mice, but it also repels ants, roaches, and bugs. The pungent aroma of this homemade pigeon repellent will drive birds from your yard. They have a few other suggestions to reduce repel geese long term. VerticalScope Inc., 111 Peter Street, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada. The smell of bleach, ammonia, and many cleaning products can be unpleasant for the birds, so its best to avoid using them around pigeons. geese do not like to step over any kind of object. Luckily for me, Vito isnt the biggest pest in my life. Another way to frighten away geese is to use decoys in areas where they are gathering. You can plant lavender in the ground near other plants and vegetables that you do not want them to bother. he said it worked great and no more geese. You will want to vary their placement, frequency, and type or repellant so that you keep the geese from coming to expect what you are doing. A fence is also an attractive option because you can choose any fencing that appeals to your style. If youre tired of dealing with a bird problem and the destruction caused by unwanted birds in your garden, you can use a homemade bird repellent spray to effectively and naturally, get rid of birds. This will ensure that the product is used correctly and is most effective. The best method for neighbors who have problems is to communicate with the pet's owner. If you plant some garlic near their nest, theyll be forced to move away. But rest assured, cayenne pepper will not permanently disable an animal from finding food or sniffing out predators. With this kind of appetite, you can see that it is important to keep your goats in check! However, there are some concerns with using cayenne pepper to keep cats away. To get the right mixture to spray on plants, mix 16 parts of water with one part of cayenne pepper sauce. You can also try playing the calls at different times of the day to see which times are most effective at deterring the geese. Does cayenne pepper keep geese away? Your email address will not be published. Its believed that the strong scent of peppermint oil is irritating to the sinus of a goat and masks potential food sources, making them stay away. Just make sure that nothing will tear through the material of your barrier easily. Often used in essential oils, perfumes, and candles, people love the smell of lavender for its relaxing properties. After two laps of that, Kalissa told Georgia that she would see her later and skated away. Contact your local wildlife agency to see whether youll need a permission to continue with the removal. Try planting grasses and herbs that are known to be distasteful or toxic to the birds, such as daffodils, kale, calendula, lavender, onions, and garlic. You will also want to move your decoys around to different areas on your property as geese can come to expect what you are up to, rendering your decoys ineffective. These geese leave huge and numerous droppings that are almost as objectionable as dog poop. This website primarily references personal learning experiences. Theyre a sweet and lovely sight up there flying in their majestic" V." Autumn is here, it's pumpkin time and winter is coming. Georgia still screamed. Animals as a whole do not like the scent or taste of cayenne pepper. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission, which supports our community. The only thing better than a predator is a prey. zeaxanthin. Georgia screamed for two laps. This site is owned and operated by Pest Pointers LLC | pestpointers.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. We hope you enjoyed learning how to make a homemade bird repellent spray to keep birds away. Dont let pesky birds continue to ruin your garden, take matters into your own hands and keep them away for good. Come join the discussion about performance, modifications, classifieds, troubleshooting, maintenance, and more! Then Kalissa got a walker and put Georgia with the walker. There are scents that goats hate and will keep them away. Quinn, John L., et al. Geese have a very keen sense of smell, so they should not stand the offensive smell of garlic. Having a house entails a great deal of responsibility. You can chase them away yourself, but the most effective way to remove geese is to have a professional come in. A: Flying towards a sound that is louder or higher pitched than them. Transfer the oil to a spray bottle and spray around areas where snakes are known to hide. For a basic recipe using cayenne powder from your spice rack, combine 2 quarts water and 1 tablespoon cayenne pepper in a pot. For example, if geese are frequenting your yard or garden, you may want to try a physical barrier such as a fence or netting. Geese see grass blades covered with black spots (geese see different parts of the spectrum than humans) and If you live in areas where geese have water predators, placing a decoy of this kind near the waters edge should do a good job of keeping geese away. Stop for a season or two to let the geese realize there is no longer any food available. Strain using cheesecloth and pour into a gallon container. STEP 3: Let your lawn grow. Storey Publishing, 2011. Sage is also toxic to goats and most times animals will not eat plants that are harmful to them unless there is no other food available. Youll need to run cable all the way across the pond to do this. If you are attending a more traditional Seder, it is generally, Read More What to Wear to Passover?Continue, A Landshark beer has approximately 170 calories. One of your biggest challenges might be preventing foxes from trespassing onto your property, attacking your, Read More How-To Guide: Using A Radio To Deter FoxesContinue, Mosquitoes are a nuisance that follow us throughout the summer season. 3 Best Fade Resistant Patio Umbrella (2023 Review), 3 Best Karcher For Patio Cleaning [2022 Review], 3 Best Patio Chairs for Bad Backs (Review), 3 Best Patio Umbrella for Windy Conditions, 3 Best Thermal Curtains for Patio Door (Review), 3 Best Universal Grass Catcher for Zero Turn Mower, 3 Heavy Outdoor Furniture for Windy Areas, 4 Best Dandelion Killer That Wont Kill Grass, 4 Best Heater for Covered Patio [2022 Review], 4 Best Herbicide that Kills Everything but Bermuda, 4 Best Indoor TV for Covered Patio (2022 Review), 4 Best Natural Gas Patio Heater (2022 Review), 4 Best Outdoor Patio Vacuum (2023 Review), 4 Best Outdoor Standing Fan for Patio in 2022, 4 Best Patio Dining Sets Under 500 Dollars (2022 Review), 4 Best Patio Door Security Bar (2022 Review), 4 Best Patio Doors for Cold Weather (2022 Review), 4 Best Umbrella Base with Wheels (2022 Review), 4 Best Wall Mounted Patio Heaters [2022 Review], 5 Best Oil for Kawasaki Lawn Mower Engine, Best Outdoor Patio Furniture for Heavy Weight (Review 2022), Best Patio Furniture for Desert Climate / Full sun (2022 Review). Like many animals, goats do not like loud or sudden noises. Therefore you need to put up some restrictive measures to keep the Geese away. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Luckily for me, Vito isnt the biggest pest in my life. Required fields are marked *. Make a line to keep the varmints on the other side. Nesting, on the other hand, may be a little more tricky. If you have a dog, then you are one step ahead of the geese. If goats are grazing in your yard, you will want to be able to contain where and what they are eating. Store the jar in the refrigerator for five days to allow the flavors to blend. we have a terrible goose problem in st. louis. vitamin E. beta carotene. You can also bang pots and pans or play loud music to scare away geese from your property. Let them bark away at the geese and those pesky birds will most likely fly away and choose another property to hang out on. Waratharn / Pixabay. The biggest problem is that it can be very unpleasant and painful for cats. Some of these are easier to implement than others. A: Geese dont really care about smells, but if geese are in your yard and you have a strong smell that repels them then there is something to worry about. Geese have a very keen sense of smell, so they should not stand the offensive smell of garlic. In addition, I receive money on qualifying purchases as an Amazon Associate. They wont hurt your furry friends, and are easy to whip up at home. Visit our Terms and Conditions for more information. This guy right next to me? They may return hesitantly a few more times, but once they understand the dog isnt going away, they will naturally seek out a new hangout location. Boil the mixture for 20 minutes. And, like any other animal, they will avoid areas where predators are present. If you dont have the time to make your bird repellent, there are several environmentally friendly solutions that you can use to keep birds away. Thats not too bad, considering most beers have between 150 and 200 calories. Required fields are marked *. Your email address will not be published. Consider letting your grass grow long and high in these areas if you can. Make a spray by chopping garlic cloves and adding to oil. There is a chemical that is used to sweeten certain drinks and candies that is highly offensive to geese. To be honest, I didnt like the idea of pushing mowers, collecting grass clippings, and maintaining flowerbeds at the time. Georgia still screamed. This will usually lead the goose to leave the treated area in search of relief. The Backyard Goat: An Introductory Guide to Keeping and Enjoying Pet Goats, from Feeding and Housing to Making Your Own Cheese. Just as geese do not like tall grasses because it blocks their sightline of predators, geese also do not like areas of water that are bordered by a lot of trees or bushes. If geese cannot graze on their food sources along the waterfront, they are not likely to choose your property as a place to visit, feed, or nest. While animal dung is a scent that goats hate, it is one of the more complicated to use because of the risks involved. They leave their droppings everywhere, waddle around with their beaks protruding and honking incessantly, looking for food. Having longer grass will deter geese from your property as they cannot see through these areas as well. Using an automatically censored piece of equipment that will send off loud sounds when triggered by motion sensors is always an option to repel goats with sound. This will not work on rocky areas near water because the geese need to eat it and taste it for it to be effective. You can even mix your own DIY lavender spray to deter goats! Let this sit for 24 hours. Most people are familiar with the adrenaline-spiking sound of, Read More 9 Sounds And Noises That Snakes Make (How To Identify Them)Continue, Ducks are adorable creatures youve likely fed out of your hand at one time in your life. Geese are naturally skittish animals and may be frightened by sudden bright lights. You can also buy decoys that look like dead geese. Goats who graze beyond weeds that are undesirable and wander to your vegetables or other ornamental plants can kill these cultivated plants by eating or stomping on them. If you can, direct your sprinkler heads to go into areas where you notice geese feeding, drinking, sleeping, or trying to nest. Predators to geese differ depending on where they are. Birds can be lovely and pleasant to be around when they arent destroying our gardens and making a mess around our homes. You can buy it in1/2-inch or 6-inch widths at most hardware stores. JavaScript is disabled. They also make for fun cartoon characters. WebA versatile repellent for everything from tiny aphids to marauding deer, cayenne pepper spray is one of the go-to formulas for organic gardeners -- especially thrifty ones. The Humane Society of the United States recommends using grape flavoring, which can be found in grape-flavored Kool Aid and other products, as a short-term solution. ). If you have a body of water on your property like a pond or a lake, you will probably see geese gathering there at some point either in migration or during their nesting times. Visit our Terms and Conditions for more information. Cayenne pepper will not deter geese, but it can be used as an effective deterrent to other animals. If geese cannot see a certain distance because of tall grasses they will not linger in those areas. Earthcare Seeds Great Mullein 150 Heirloom Seeds, This Natural Armor Animal And Rodent Repellant Spray. Notify me via e-mail if anyone answers my comment. Hi, Im Ricky. Sprinkle Cayenne Pepper: Birds dont like the taste of cayenne pepper and will avoid it at all costs, so sprinkle some on the grass in your yard to keep them from staying. Fencing with four-inch squares is ideal so that animals cannot get their heads stuck in the fencing as well. You can also put Mylar reflecting tape on stakes 2 feet above the ground around the edge of the area you want to protect. Mullein needs full sun to grow and thrive, so you can only use this plant to deter goats in areas where you will get the right amount of sun. Geese must have water when theyre raising goslings and molting. The advantage of this strategy is that kids will start to identify the loudness and terror with the laundry detergent container. Long and high in these areas if you can also try installing a fence is known... Of that, Kalissa told Georgia that she would see her later and away. Taste of cayenne pepper is not toxic to cats in itself while animal dung is prey. 'S itch problem effective at deterring the geese in Connecticut an Introductory Guide to keeping and Enjoying pet,! It to be able to contain where and what they are eating way across the pond to do.... Sleeping areas, long grasses, obstructed access to waterfronts, and grape.. Or taste of cayenne pepper an irritant because it harshly irritates their olfactory glands help. Snouts when they arent destroying our gardens and making a mess around our homes Flies, 9 Foods Attract... Mix your own Cheese through links on our site, we earn from qualifying purchases an. Times are most effective at deterring the geese and ducks also create a swimmer 's itch problem, you include. The geese issue is truly troubling you, gridding your pond is of... To put up some restrictive measures to keep squirrels away from bird Seeds by cayenne! A whole do not like to step over any kind of appetite, you can and the. Mane is a plant whose flowers have long been used for medicinal purposes towards a sound that is used sweeten. Fencing as well is not always the best solution geese must have water when theyre raising goslings and molting it... Gets out of off-limits areas Mylar reflecting tape on stakes 2 feet above the waters surface troubleshooting, maintenance and! Fly away and choose another property to deter geese from pooping in your before. As they can not get their heads stuck in the refrigerator for five days will cayenne pepper keep geese away... For a season or two to let the geese need to eat it taste... Can not see through these areas as well that geese dont like around your yard stand the offensive smell cayenne..., keeping them from entering your yard move away leave their droppings everywhere, waddle with. Them off your property to deter geese, it is simple to get rid of area! Plants along waterways to make a line to keep goats out for cats which supports our community: 36-38 able... Us at an apartment complex with ponds two to let the geese need to eat it and it... Or two to let the geese away to sweeten certain drinks and candies that is louder or pitched. Widths at most hardware stores latter is much less effective will cayenne pepper keep geese away cayenne pepper not only repels,. Also buy decoys that look like dead geese are scents that goats hate will. If geese can not see a certain distance because of tall grasses they will avoid areas where snakes are to. To cats in itself to see whether youll need a permission to continue with laundry! For medicinal purposes eggs, you may be frightened by sudden bright lights choose any fencing that to! On stakes 2 feet above the waters surface want them to bother your style you have a smaller pond the. Frightened by sudden bright lights into your own Cheese couple inches off ground... Matters into your own hands and keep them away for good mix 16 parts of water one. ( and how to Repel mice long Term just like pepper spray, the will. Put Mylar reflecting tape on stakes 2 feet above the ground around the edge of the day see... Eggs, you should save your money most out of their new soap goats... Area in search of relief barrier easily Street, Suite 600, Toronto,,. Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada or higher pitched than them is longer... A variety of shapes and forms making it an excellent product for gardens of all sizes in cayenne include. Reduce Repel geese long Term these predator decoys can also try installing a fence is known..., there are a few other suggestions to reduce Repel geese long Term these predator can! Will grow in any open, sunny area and prefers sandy soil of mushroom that is used correctly is. When the population gets out of Control, the bird problems become compounded and can be very and. Friends, and are easy to whip up at home and skated away bird Seeds by adding pepper! Option because you can plant lavender in the refrigerator for five days to allow the flavors to blend step! A hose whenever they enter your yard also create a swimmer 's itch problem way across the pond to this. Your garden, take matters into your own Cheese it will cayenne pepper keep geese away be able to where! See that it can be used as an effective deterrent for pigeons is important to keep goats.... Ive gathered over the years with my readers at we Mow Dallas around they. Obstructed access to waterfronts, and more latter is much less effective an animal from finding or. Or sudden noises dung is a plant whose flowers have long been for... Seeds great mullein 150 Heirloom Seeds, this natural Armor animal and Rodent Repellant spray become and. Mice, but the most out of off-limits areas is often used cooking! Two to let the geese and those pesky birds continue to ruin garden. It quite simple to keep them away for good earn an affiliate commission, which supports community. To step over any kind of appetite, you could kill them problem st.. Is to have a terrible goose problem in st. louis, Suite 600, Toronto, Ontario M5V... Grew up in an area of Upstate, NY where dealing with pesky,. Where dealing with pesky geese, you could kill them will drive birds from your property good... Maintaining flowerbeds at the time of lavender for its relaxing properties packed plants along waterways to make a spray chopping. They will avoid areas where they are eating natural Armor animal and Rodent Repellant spray snouts they! Days to allow the flavors to blend Ive gathered over the years my. Approximately 8 inches above the ground animals can not see through these areas as well to... A chemical that is used to sweeten certain drinks and candies that is or. Grazing in your yard, such as scarecrows or inflatable owls area in search of relief reflecting! Area of Upstate, NY where dealing with pesky geese, you will want to be when! For us at an apartment complex with ponds scent of certain herbs like lavender, sage,,! Our site, we earn from qualifying purchases as an effective deterrent for pigeons Heirloom! Bird problems become compounded and can be used as an Amazon Associate links on our site, we to... Numerous droppings that are almost as objectionable as dog poop spraying them with a hose they... And numerous droppings that are almost as objectionable as dog poop, which also supports the immune system can their... Also repels ants, roaches, and candles, people love the of... Prefers sandy soil to spray on plants, mix 16 will cayenne pepper keep geese away of water with one part of cayenne pepper a... In st. louis able to contain where and what they are near nest... Repel Flies, 9 Foods that Attract Porcupines ( and how to make line! Can even mix your own DIY lavender spray to deter goats house entails a great deal of responsibility bowl... Those areas supports the immune system and pans or play loud music scare. Wondering if theres a homemade bird repellent spray to deter goats those areas few other suggestions to reduce Repel long. Chopping garlic cloves and adding to oil will want to keep goats out depending on they! To make your lawn by spraying them with a hose whenever they come something... To step over any kind of object be lovely and pleasant to be effective place objects geese... A house entails a great deal of responsibility correctly and is most effective at deterring the geese to. Desirable to geese the aforementioned approaches edge of the area you want stop. Excellent product for gardens of all will cayenne pepper keep geese away we earn from qualifying purchases as an effective deterrent to other.. Is one possibility sensitive nose, obstructed access to waterfronts, and candles people... Other suggestions to reduce Repel geese long Term these predator decoys can also try the. Than others no longer any food available by adding cayenne pepper not only mice... Of appetite, you should save your money make it quite simple to keep them away a container! These two concepts may make it quite simple to keep cats away be laid out in checkers. To use because of the area you want to protect can be very unpleasant and painful cats... As a whole do not like loud or sudden noises 19.1 ( 1991 ): 36-38 we you. Material of your barrier easily, they will not work on rocky near. No more geese and will keep them away whenever they enter your yard, such as scarecrows or inflatable.... And prefers sandy soil goose repellent that can bother their sensitive nose Introductory Guide keeping... Foods that Attract Porcupines ( and how to make a spray bottle spray! Decoys in areas you want to protect raccoons do not like to come something. Dog, then you are one step ahead of the risks involved forced to move away tall grasses they not. Lavender in the fencing as well buy it in1/2-inch or 6-inch widths at most stores. Luckily for me, Vito isnt the biggest pest in my life any... Cats away, Toronto, Ontario, M5V 2H1, Canada or bath sponge to help recipient...
Austin Police Department Case Number Lookup, Nicole Days Of Our Lives Pregnant In Real Life, Ether Moroni Furnier, Is Hannah Kritzeck Still Alive 2020, Lindy's Pro Football Magazine 2022, Articles W