wonnarua family tree

It is popularly known as the Baiame Cave and is part of a series of rock shelters on an area of 80 hectares. Many years later Enright (1937-40:91) wrote of having been given a grinding stone which had been found on the bank of the creek at Milgarra, near Bunnan. The English word games are: The kangaroo, practically ex- tinct about Port Stephens now was in the middle decade of last century, the favorite food of the blacks. What the guardian said, the boombits (initiates) believed. When first his family came here, he said, the rivers were full of big fish, perch mullet and herrings, so that any evening he and his brothers went fishing, their mothers large pan was heard to sing, and sing again. The Gloucester Advocate (NSW : 1905 - 1954) Tuesday 7 March 1939 p 4 Old Days and Blacks. My father had been admitted as an honorary blood-brother of the tribe and was regarded by them with a sort of veneration. Thus was the culprit found. The A. The branch of the tribe inhabiting the Cape Hawke district and those located along the Barrington River valley early evinced decided hostility towards the incom- ing settlers, with whom the Cape Hawke [Forster] natives came into open conflict at Waterloo [just north of Bunyah] on the Upper Wallamba resulting in a bloodless victory for the natives. These performances are generally carried on at night by the light of the row of camp fires-the novices sitting in the shelter, while the men are acting on the other side of the fire. The novices are not allowed to leave the camp, but must sit in the shelter all day with their eyes cast down, some of their guardians remaining with them. At Port Stephens there were two varieties in general use. The result was deadly to the natives. We boys did not know that for as a result of ingenuously asking Nancy if she was lonely after the death of Jack, the writer was only saved from personal violence by the presence of some adults. 1917. Another bush dainty, easily procurable in the right season, was the curramali, a fruit that grew on a little vine in the bush. Robert Syron, The Kabook and Watoo People of the Gringai Barrington River Gloucester, NSW https://goo.gl/MfqAYm (SYR). Many years ago a party of blanks made a raid on Mackenzies men at Rawdon Vale, in the Gloucester district then known -as Kiripit the native name of that small variety of kangaroo rat. When Europeans settled in the Gloucester-Manning area in the 1820s and 1830s, the Aboriginal people lost their homelands to logging, clearing and livestock. The same location is given for both these poisonings, Upper Gangat. These men were not allowed possession of fire arms. The men of one tribe dance one evening - their women beating time for them; the next night the men and women of another tribe provide the evenings amusement. The women then step out of the ring, and stand a few yards from it, where they remain till the conclusion of the performance. We must remember that the majority of these men were convicts and assigned as servants to the settlers or squatters, as they were more generally termed, Some of these assigned men were undoubtedly of a very depraved nature, . Free access to the resources of the world's leading family history library. About the early part of the year 1835, when the Rawden Bros, held all the country from Cobakh (Cobark) to Berrico, under the management of the late L. McKenzie, the whole run was then known as Kerripit (kangaroo rat), taking the name from the mountain at Rawdon Vale. [The] vessels enabled many a meal to be obtained by the fisherwomen when the great schools of fish were not in evidence. It featured rare objects, new cultural material made by Gadigal Elders, stories, film, songs and 8,000 archaeological pieces. Close to the eastern side of the general encampment was the kackeroo, 40 feet by 29 feet, from which the yippang or path led away on a bearing of N. 85 E., ascending some sloping ground for a distance of 17 chains to the goonambang, on the crest of a low ridge. There was a marvellous variety of fish in the harbour in those days, and if might be interesting to record the native names of the different species. University of Newcastle history professor Lyndall Ryan, who has spent almost a decade cataloguing colonial frontier massacres for an online map, found evidence of a massacre further up the Hunter Valley, but not near the Ravensworth homestead. They pronounced g nasally like the ng in sing. The T and D sounds were very difficult to differentiate. Never once In all my life at Carrington did I ever see a [child] slapped or chastised, and the younger fry could be mischievous and very trying on occasions. I have some old records of the A.A. Company at Carrington, and of the late Captain Thomas Cook, of Auchentorlie, Dungog One statement. 'The Valley was always there in the Dreaming, though mountains, trees, animals and people were not yet formed. She then passed the crossed ends of the cords rapidly to and fro between her closed lips until the blood, drawn by the friction dropped freely into the water, discolouring it to a crimson fluid. white stone to be carried back to the headman who sent him. It was the belief that when the name of the guilty person was called the corpse would start. Taking away the boys.On the evening of the day preceding the principal cere- mony, all the tribes remove their camps close to the kackaroo, or public ring, where they remain for the night. The twin hills across the river from Dungog were called Cooreei or Cooreal. Driven to extremes, the white men, took the arsenic (which served in lieu of strychnine for dingo poisoning), mixed it in dampers, and laid a death trail for their enemies. . The waters of the bay teemed with fish of every description, easily taken at all times. 1 have been informed that in some tribes the blacks use a vine to aid in climbing, putting it round the tree and working It upwards to form a continual support. . on which a few embers were always burning. Dungog (aboriginal Tunkok, signifying Clear Hills) witnessed the closing scene of the drama, when the law of the land intervened and one solitary black was hanged for complicity in the raid, the place of execution being on or about the present site of the police station of that town. It would be made of a long, flat piece of hardwood, pointed at one end, fitted loosely Into the ey e and made firm with a wooden wedge driven along the side. Wong-ko-bi-kan, an aboriginal native, was indicted for the wilful murder of John Flynn, by wounding him with a spear at Williams River on the 3rd April last, of which wound he lingered until the 6th following, and then died. The coffin was lifted upon the shoulders. A. The shouts of the surrounding party often makes him drop his burden; otherwise he conveys them to his fireplace in the bush where he deposits his load close to the fire. Discover cultural material and objects in our Indonesian collection. There (were edible roots In the gullies, wild- fruits in the brushes. The first thing that I saw when our party came up with the black camp, was the deceased speared; he was armed with a fowling piece; he stood a little in front of his party, and I saw the spear thrown at him from the left, which struck him under the shoulder blade; there was only one black man on his left side; the deceased plucked out the spear, and followed the black who had speared him; he was assisted by two others of the party in the chase, and they captured him about a quarter of a mile off. In this section, find out everything you need to know about visiting the Australian Museum, how to get here and the extraordinary exhibitions on display. In some other tribes there are series of sub-branches identified distinctively with their animal or bird totem, these groups being subject to rigid rules as re-gards inter-marriage, food taboos, and other things. Old Mr. Collier, the school teacher, asked the blacks to permit the school boys to see the ceremony. Family tree diagrams have the same basic design. If you asked any of the old men how they came there; they would tell you: That log was there when I bought the farm. All I have seen were big logs and long, and had fallen across the current, making fine foot bridges. One toy with which they delighted to play was a contrivance that gave out a deep booming din like the bull-roarers the elders used in the initiation ceremonies. [5], The Wonnarua people appeared to use a similar language to the Awabakal people, called Awabakal language, that is being reviewed by oral historians and linguists in order to develop a comprehensive dictionary of the language of the Hunter River and Lake Macquarie regions. A level patch of ground in a convenient part of the camp is cleared and made smooth for dancing on. This, I was told, was the end, but to me it now seems clear that it was the beginning of the ceremonies, being the time when the contingents have arrived, and before the final part when the boys who are initiated are taken from their mothers. It was marvellous how swiftly the blacks could climb by means of these tiny notches literally swarming up the smooth tall trunk. Fitzpatric does not comment on this and the poisonings are so far apart in time that it is impossible to say if they are one and the same or two separate massacres. Often, some black would feel the urge to make something, becoming suddenly industrious in the manufacture of a large number of weapons intended to be exchanged for other articles with members of one of the neighbouring tribes. @!Jnm=z9A0h>n~q8FZG7dJNe)u&k3mNImpTyJdqynqM|49z?1Lg9RWy5HBJ4E>+w Very carefully was the length of bark separated from its hold so that not a crack appeared in Its tough surface. One subject that has interested me for years is the way big- logs were across the Williams River; one, and often two, on each of the smaller farms. The marsupials ran in large mobs, easily driven by the nimble natives to a point where waiting groups could spear them with ease. When the Wonnarua see the wedge tailed eagle, they know Kawal is looking over them, protecting them. Following this ceremony the visiting kinship groups returned to their own lands. These they shrew down to the ground among the women who scrambled and struggled for them with a great eagerness, each [woman] on securing a piece placing it in the woven dilly- bag. "I just simply haven't sufficient evidence for mycriteria to include a massacre site on the map.". It was then wrapped in sheets of ti-tree secured by cords of string- bark fibre. Naturally I was eager to see this Interesting spectacle, and rode once more to the camp at the foot of the hill some days later. They now jump and dance, forming a group in the centre, after which they step out of it, and all the people go and have their breakfast. Note the belt. On reaching the weengarah, which would be only a short distance from the camp, the messenger would tell the headman and elders the purport of his mission, and would hand them a white quartz crystal which had been given to him by the chief initiator when dispatching him on this errand. Meaning people of the hills and plains, the Wonnarua were bounded to the south by the Darkinjung, to the northwest by the Nganyaywana, to the northeast by the Awabakal, and to the southeast by the Worimi peoples. One [researcher] described Frasers work as most unsatisfactory and unquestion- ably the most inaccurate and garbled account ever published about the Aborigines. Despite this demolition of Frasers credentials and abilities, the word Guringai wasnt demolished with its authors reputation and it was picked up from time to time until it became widely accepted as the name for the original inhabitants of northern Sydney or of their language. Before the advent of the whites to the district it was death for a man to speak to her, and for many years after settlement was first established the punishment was a temporary banishment from the camp. One was held on the top of the ridge in Irwins paddock, at the back of the house which is now situated at the Underbank-Wangat turn-off. %%EOF They had left the Bora ring after the first part of the ceremonies and came down to camp by the river. These men, armed with their boomerangs and nulla-nullas, then start towards the kackaroo, some of them taking up their position on one side of the ring, and some on the other, but the majority of them stand near the front of it-that is, on the side from which the path emerges. Among the last remaining artefacts of that era is the Ravensworth homestead, whichlies directly in the path of a proposed extension to Glencore's Glendell coal mine. Amid dust, sparks and smoke this wild revel went on until the fire was completely obliterated. His mother then approaches him, and holds her breast to his face, pretending to suckle him. Michael Smiths The Kutthung dialect on a deleted website accessible through, the Wayback Machine, https://goo.gl/twRvRg (KTT). The fish spear (tutti) was .made In three distinct parts. His bad attributes remained with the corpse. The Kabook and Watoo people of the Gringai clan of the Worimi Nation (The Cook family) have lived continually in the Barrington for over 189 years recorded by the first white settlers 1826, until the present Cook Family Descendants from the Kabook and Watoo people speak the Kattang (or Gathang) language and it has been recorded that they are the last of the true custodians and Clan within the boundaries of the Allyn and Williams river up stream to Gummi Falls on the Manning River known as Kummi Kummi (Place of many Crystal stones), Barrington Tops (Beann Beann), Rawdon Vale, Barrington, Gloucester up to the Manning river down to Cresford the Karuah River and the Bulliac Tugrabakh Bora Ground area, some 13km from Gloucester. No one worried about a Coronial inquiry in those days. Even in moments of most poignant agony they would evince a stoicism that was heroic. To make squares disappear and save space for other squares you have to assemble English words (left, right, up, down) from the falling squares. To give th e canoe rigidity so that It could bear Its passengers safely, stretchers were ingeniously fitted at intervals along its length somewhat after the manner one sees In an ordinary clinker-built boat. These arrivals generally take place in the afternoon a few hours before sundown. [citation needed], It was forbidden to mention or talk about the name of Baiame publicly. He is a Koori This being they knew as Coen. Nets are spread in a line upon the ground, and beside them are some coolamins containing water. Take your designs to the next level. FamilySearch is an international, nonprofit organization dedicated to helping all people discover their family story. sunrise, one of the headmen pretends to see a large brown squirrel [possum] going into a hole in a tree growing near the camp, and asks one of the men to catch it. The local Allyn River tribe were the first to erect their camp, around which the other tribes took up their positions, each in the direction of the country from which they had come. Howitt and Fraser refer to the people of that district as the Gringai. There appears to be clear evidence that the Worimi occupied the country bounded by the seashore from the Manning as far south as Norah Head and possibly to the Hawkesbury. Fishing lines were cleverly made from the inner bark of young kurrajong trees, the finished article being of extraordinary strength and capable of landing the heaviest of edible fish. Dungog Chronicle : Durham and Gloucester Advertiser (NSW : 1894 - 1954) Fri 2 Nov 1945 Page 1 THE BLACKS. Derby is a King and speaks English well. Arriving at the foot of the hill the men threw down their weapons on the ground, and springing on to the cleared space, danced on the fire with their bare feet until it was extinguished. The diameters of this oval space were 28 feet and 20 feet respectively, being smaller than the oval near the camp. (VMR, VHR). In my days they had progressed beyond the stage when they used the old stone tool, The tomahawk of the early days was a good deal different from the one in common use now. I was present at [a corroboree] 55 years ago with the rest of our family. Whereas my parents were always careful to remove bones from any fish served to us at our table, the aboriginal mothers tossed their imps great slices of fish and let them manage as best they could. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. As the boys took this symbolic leave of their mothers, the ceremony geared towards its climax. . Sir I feel called on, and do myself the honor, to state to you for the informa- tion of His Excellency the Governor, that there are now residing on the Manning River upwards of 400 persons without protection or instruction of any kind, governed solely by lynch law. A dreamtime story from the Wonnarua explains how the hills and rivers in the Hunter Valley were created by a spirit called Baiame. The Earliest Inhabitants - Aboriginal Tribes of the District. Ironically, it is directly above Baime cave where Europeans first viewed the Upper Hunter, led from Sydney by a tracker from the Wonnarua tribe. Today 8.3% or 2,033 people in Singleton identified as Aboriginal and/or Torres Strait Islander in the 2021 Census. A letter published in the Dungog Chronicle, by an RJ Hector in 1906 and based on a list of local aboriginal words originally compiled in the 1840s. The Wonnarua. The last of their kings died only some four years ago, a fine, manly old fellow. According to the Wonnarua dreamtime the Hunter Valley was created by the great spirit, Baime (Byamee). Before 1788 it covered 90% of the country and comprised about 300 languages. Everything was sleeping. must be carried bv them, when going from place to place, till they again meet their brothers at the kweealbang. . He appears painted with pipeclay and carries a fire-stick in his hand; but generally it is the [clever men] who alone perceive him and to whom he says Fear not come and talk. At other times he comes where the blacks are asleep and takes them up, as an eagle his prey, and carries them away for a time. Muh! (Now!) All these pantomimic representations are largely mixed with abominable and obscene gestures. The fire-making sticks they used were usually parts of the dried stem of the grass-tree (pummirri). Since those times the flying-fox has changed his habits considerably much to the loss of orchardists and those that cultivate fruit. Silently and surely they laid their plans and long ere the dawn of day the sleeping camp was encircled from cliff edge to cliff edge. Of the earlier and major case he writes: Belbora alludes to the Gangat tragedy in the early Thirties, and is more applicable to Upper Gangat, where hostile Wallamba natives died thick from the effects of arsenical poisoning. According to the Eather Family, the Bora ceremony was not held on the Meerea property but at another nearby location. The second is the spelling of Indigenous words. What the first settlers also brought with them were a wide range of European diseases, to which the locals had no immunity, resulting in what in other parts of the world has been called conquest by disease. 1844, my father, John Scott, being employed in a secretarial capacity at Carrington by the Australian Agricultural Company. First, the mothers of the boys are set free - then the sisters - and lastly, the other women and children are uncovered. Only in recent years has this historical fiction been properly analysed and now the Aboriginal Heritage Office a joint initiative of and funded by Manly, Warringah, Pittwater, North Sydney, Lane Cove, Willoughby, Ku-ring-gai and Ryde councils . Some of the performances are, however, enacted during the day, after the men return from hunting. It was really a land of plenty. After being prepared by their families, the boys were now ready to experience the transition from boyhood to manhood. After they have qualified themselves by passing through all the stages of probation attached to the initiation ceremonies of their tribe, the novices are allowed to take a wife from among those women whom the class laws permit them to marry. Brandy, the last of the Gingai related [a story of] a [young woman] who had spied on the secret bora ceremonies. necessity no doubt guided their deft hands, for the art of fashioning their weapons was inherited from countless generations who had to pit their wits against Nature in the battle for survival. We arrived at 4 p.m. and found Messrs. Jenkin and Swayne had returned from Lawlers and had found the whole flock of sheep, missing and all the people much scared. Their bodies were painted in patterns so that they resembled weird and wonderful skeletons. You can use this to build on. When he had finished the required number, he would cache them in the bush, either in a hollow log or cave, until such time as opportunity arrived for their disposal. The ironbark (teekurah), was mostly favored for making them. It is sometimes suggested that Baiame was a construct of early Christian missionaries, but K Langloh Parker dated belief in Baiame to (at latest) 1830, prior to missionary activity in the region.
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