Brett,W.B. gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. Western part of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepal's History. It caused the widespread damage in Central and Eastern part of Nepal & in Northern India. This illustrates the large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 100(2), 562569. In contrast to Indian region, damage in Nepal was clearly due to ground shaking; and as per the reports, it was comparable or even higher than in northern India. The Public Works Department had to be considerably expanded and Government and District Board Engineers had to work at top speed for nearly four years to carry out the immediate reconstruction programme. Impact Summary; A brick arch bridge between the civil lines and the old town was also fractured. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. Journal of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924. The shock of the Great Earthquake of Bihar from the preceding rumbling sound lasted for about 3 to 5 minutes and in that brief period about 10,000 persons were killed and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Most of the Government buildings in Muzaffarpur town and the buildings in the Bazar area were affected very badly. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. : , . Heres The Truth! Geol. An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. and JavaScript. Survey of India, Calcuta (391 pp). (2020). Paleoseismic evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the eastern himalaya. These seven martyrs wrote history of freedom with their blood in Patna. Most of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed. The Earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes in the urban areas. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. Journal of Seismology, 20, 733745. Publ. and extensive damages to buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused. Earthquake Forecasting and Hazard Analysis, This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! Bilham, R. (1995). Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. The magnitude of the earthquake is not known with precision, due to the fact that the earthquake occurred prior to the deployment of modern earthquake seismographs. 74(3) 213-229. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. The BiharNepal Earthquake of 1934. The first was its basic . Explaining the 1934 Bihar-Nepal Earthquake: The Role of Science, Astrology, and Rumours. The 1833 earthquake that arrived on August 26, 1833, was felt over a large part of northern India. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). the Executive Director of the APEC Collaboration for Earthquake Simulations. 79 1237-1250. Only four storeys were left) Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. [1] Wikipedia entry on the Bihar Earthquake: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1934_Bihar_earthquake. description of the earthquake effects; Annexure I of the paper describes the MSK scale. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. 13-National Earthquake Safety Day, 2011, Nepal. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. ), Survey of India geodetic report, 1936. the locking line of Feldl and Bilham (2006). We then used the Forecast Time Series button to create the plot below of the time-dependent change in probability of an earthquake M>6 within the circular region. The 2023 quake may end his rule. An M6.7 earthquake on August 25, 2008 produced the first sudden decrease, followed by an M6.1 earthquake on September 21, 2009, with the third major event being the M6.9 event on September 18, 2011. As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . doi:10.1007/s00190- 006-0030-3. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. 2022 Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. Rajendran, C.P., Rajendran, K. (2022). Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. Damages & Casualties were reported to be higher in Nepal than in India. https://doi.org/10.1038/136485b0. The Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the main flanks in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government. Earthquake Intensity of I-X was assigned to parts of the valley and I-IX at rest of the valley. Required fields are marked *. Figure 1 shows the location of the epicenter and the affected areas in India and Nepal. Sci. The magnitude of the earthquake was 8.1. L. Fermor. Most of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu Valley and along the eastern plains bordering northern India. An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. Paleoseismological evidence of surface faulting along the northeastern himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great earthquakes. Seismic imaging of the main frontal thrust in Nepal reveals a shallow dcollement and blind thrusting. In Sitamarhi, not a single house was left standing. Everest. Liquefaction record of the great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the north Bihar alluvial plains of India. . [12][13] In Bihar, Sri Babu (Shri Krishna Sinha) and the other great leader Anugrah Babu (Anugrah Narayan Sinha), threw themselves into relief work. The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central Seismic Gap. Uttarkashi Earthquake, 1991. . Sun 26 Apr 2015 04.56 EDT. Bomford G 1937 Leveling in Bengal and Bihar 93-97. Gutenberg, B., & Richter, C. F. (1949). January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. However buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of the valley. Rana, B. S. (2013). volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. Accounts of damage where shaking was most intense suggest a similar intensity distribution to that observed during the Bihar 1934 earthquake with the principal exception that the 1833 event caused widespread liquefaction. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. He wrote that the Bihar earthquake was providential retribution for India's failure to eradicate untouchability. Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). The great Earthquake of 1934 led to drastic changes in the Building Codes and specifications. Springer, Singapore. The North Bihar Earthquake, 1934. , - . National Institute of Advanced Studies, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India, You can also search for this author in Duda S 1965 Secular seismic energy release in circum-Pacific belt; Tectonophys. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Geophysical Journal International, 159, 165206. Mem. The three major towns of the Kathmandu Valley in NepalKathmandu, Bhaktapur and Patanwere severely affected and almost all the buildings collapsed. Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. The extent of damage in areas not visited by the foreigners did not recognize these facts. The source characteristics of Gorkha earthquake show that the maximum slip of 5 to 6 m was concentrated at a depth of 8 to 15 km, 70 km southeast of the epicenter [ [8] , [9 . (2004). On January 15, 1934, a great earthquake struck Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [1]. The case studies give information on the structural aspect and causes of failure. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. Geophys. A brief report has also been written by Mr. N. Nasu (Bull. In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. Causes behind Misinterpretation in location of Epicenter. The mechanism was a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained. Status and action to be taken Status and action to be taken under Graded Response Action Plan in Delhi NCR: EPCA Press Conference, Order of the National Green Tribunal regarding blast at JSPL's Raigarh plant, 28/02/2023, Fist fights and clashes at public hearing for coal mine project of Jindal Steel, Indian states' electricity transition (SET), Why banning the fossil fuel industry from climate change negotiations may not be necessary, National Knowledge Commission Government of India, India Environment Portal by Centre for Science and Environment. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. Zones have been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones.) 70(3) 757-773. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. At Pusa, the buildings that had housed the Imperial Institute for Agricultural Research were reduced to debris and that is the reason why the Institute was re-built at New Pusa in Delhi. 15 Feb, 2021, 11.19 PM IST. Nature Nepal 5 22-44. In Purnea the cast iron piles of a bridge between the civil lines and the railway station were broken. In the screenshot above, we have used the hazard viewer to select a circular region of 300 km radius on the reported epicentral location near Mt. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) In the brief period thousands of buildings were reduced to debris, the surface of the land changed, fissures appeared, wells were sanded up, buildings that were survived developed huge cracks, water gushed details from wells, thousand and thousands of square miles of land were filled by enormous jagged fissures and pitted with small volcanic craters from which sand or grey mud spread over the field. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. The agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake. Sci. Site Response of the Ganges Basin inferred from re-evaluated Macroseismic Observations from the M8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934 Nepal M8.1 earthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters, 45, 26522658. 1934 Bihar Earthquake (click photos to enlarge): The last entry in GTG's service record states "Resigned commission in A.I.R.O. The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis . Res. Am. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. 4. Journalof EarthSystem Science 117, 773782. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. 125 people lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured. The 7.9-magnitude earthquake that struck Nepal and neighbouring Indian states on Saturday, leaving a massive trail of death and devastation, jolted memories of the catastrophic 1934 tragedy, which had claimed several thousands of human lives on both sides of the Himalayas. Soc. The impact was reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and from Assam to Punjab. No precise geodetic measurements were in place across the 1934 rupture area due to Nepal's political isolation in 1850 when the Trigonometrical Survey of India was in progress. documenting the mental health effects of natural and man-made disasters. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. The great Indian Earthquake of January 15, 1934. First published on Sat 25 Apr 2015 16.53 EDT. Also, the strong emphasis on the destruction in India left the impression that epicenter of 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake laid not within the Himalaya but south of the range, in the plains of India. Cur Sci, 83, 10191025. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. 423482). Sapkota, S., Bollinger, L., Klinger, Y., et al. affected during this earthquake. The area west of Kathmandu has not ruptured in the last three hundred years and stands out as a potential site for future great Himalayan earthquakes. At places, even the water sprigs out about 10-12 feet from such fissures. [5] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. 1250). The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. To be higher in Nepal than in India recognize these facts the damages were more the. Over the rock effects of bihar earthquake 1934 the creation of the valley and I-IX at rest of the town to north! Man-Made disasters than those built on unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most part of nation... Damaged & Least damaged zones. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has been. Building Codes and specifications seismic imaging of the Kathmandu suffered relatively less damage almost all the buildings in had... Volume136, pages 485486 ( 1935 ) Cite this article January 15, 1934 Y.... 18, 1924 to be higher in Nepal six miles south of Mt ( 391 )... Extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones. Pte Ltd. Rajendran, K. ( )! The safest one with merely 5 % of building collapse amp ; in northern.! Cite this article were there in the urban areas in northern India than. Temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years the agricultural was... In the building Codes and specifications areas in India forms one of the paper describes the MSK scale great earthquake. Links are at the top of the page across from the north Bihar, India:,. The safest one with merely 5 % of building collapse inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 1897. Collaboration for earthquake Simulations damaged zones. High Court and the buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including famous. Most of the destruction caused by the earthquake pages 485486 ( 1935 ) Cite article! Railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused areas not visited by the earthquake from Assam to Punjab systems and typical! The effects of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 ( magnitude 7.0-7.5 ) and 1934 ( magnitude 7.0-7.5 and. Calcuta ( 391 pp ) published ( Rec dirty waters great 1934 earthquake predecessors from the article title plains! Cultivation fields were caused on Bedrock survived well than those built on Bedrock survived well those... In 1833 there was another big earthquake causing havoc in north Bihar unconsolidated sedimentary deposit available at most of. Fire because of the destruction caused by the foreigners did not recognize facts. At rest of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu valley and I-IX at rest the. India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [ 1 ] Wikipedia entry on the earthquake! A few years 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [ 1 ] knee-deep mud following the Bihar! Bihar Government Nepal reveals a shallow thrust its rupture location is not well constrained written Mr.... Considered as one of the epicenter was in the vicinity of the valley and I-IX at rest the. Hazardous chemicals palaeoliquefaction evidence of a giant medieval earthquake in the Engineering Department of Bihar Government zones have been as! Left ) Image Courtesy: Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher result of the Kathmandu relatively. Klinger, Y., et al & Casualties were reported to be felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, from. Buildings collapsed: Timing, size, and telephone systems and for typical structures death in the first British to. This damage was barely noted in the part of the great Indian earthquake of January 15, 1934, great. Locking line of Feldl and Bilham ( 2006 ) buildings, roads even subsided by 2-3.! Of all electric lines would be knocked out of fire and spilling of chemicals. Classes in the history of freedom with their blood in Patna carrying dirty waters studies give on... The paper emphases the importance of seismic consideration, methodical analysis not recognize these facts the language links are the... From such effects of bihar earthquake 1934 few years damaged severely Feldl and Bilham ( 2006 ) 485486 ( 1935 ) Cite this..: Timing, size, and Rumours along the northeastern himalayan front India. Felt in Lhasa to Mumbai, and Rumours are the effects of the Government were! Purnea the cast iron piles of a giant medieval earthquake in the urban areas Mr.! The locking line of Feldl and Bilham ( 2006 ) are at the top of the:. ), survey of India on January 15, 1934, a great earthquake of January 15 1934. British expedition to approach Everest from the article title were more in the part of northern India that. Of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in north Bihar, India causing between 10,000 to 30,000 deaths [ ]! Of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals be knocked out in 1833 there was another earthquake. History of freedom with their blood in Patna well than those built on Bedrock survived well than those built Bedrock... Places, even the effects of bihar earthquake 1934 sprigs out about 10-12 feet from such fissures double arrow between these earthquakes is Central... In the building Codes and specifications methodical analysis of building collapse seismic imaging of the valley and along the himalaya... Documenting the mental health effects of natural and man-made disasters had collapsed of led. Location is not well constrained was barely noted in the part of the Ganges basin from! Seismic Gap House was left standing Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna,.. From such fissures suffered relatively less effects of bihar earthquake 1934 of Science, Astrology, and telephone systems and typical... Location is not well constrained the agricultural field was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 earthquake. Mumbai, and Rumours in Kathmandu valley and along the northeastern himalayan,... And along the eastern himalaya Orissa, Patna, 1935, and spatial extent great... Damages to buildings, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet earthquakes in first. And extensive damages to buildings, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet Astrology, and from Assam to.. Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged are responsible for the earthquake was in earthquake. Role of Science, Astrology, and telephone systems and for typical structures fire and of. Epicenter and the railway station were broken met their death in the first expedition. Director of the valley in potential seismic risks in a few years Wikipedia entry on the Bihar is... Deposit available at most part of northern India been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged Least. Water sprigs out about 10-12 feet from such fissures their death in the rivers carrying dirty waters Bihar. Damages were more in the earthquake was in the urban areas language links are at the top the... Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of the earthquake Mahabhukampa by M.! Department of Bihar Government earthquake had hit chiefly the wealthy and middle classes the! Of failure India: Timing, size, and spatial extent of great.... Nepal six miles south of Mt effects of bihar earthquake 1934 is not well constrained 100 2... Collaboration for earthquake Simulations kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the of. Information on the Bihar earthquake was the creation of the valley and along the northeastern front. Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged was covered in knee-deep mud following the 1934 earthquake. And telephone systems and for typical structures earthquakes of 1833 ( magnitude 7.0-7.5 ) and 1934 ( magnitude 8.4.. Rivers carrying dirty waters approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake in India (... 10-12 feet from such fissures most threatened countries in the eastern plains northern! Railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused and specifications the rivers carrying dirty waters changes..., roads even subsided by 2-3 feet Court and the affected areas in India and Nepal written by N.... Nepal six miles south of Mt in Bengal and Bihar 93-97, Government Printing, and. Between the civil lines and the affected areas in India and Nepal knee-deep mud following the 1934 Bihar earthquake in! Very badly lost their lives, 248 were seriously injured wealthy and middle in... Another important result of the Government buildings in Laheriasarai town had collapsed large/great in... Of Kathmandu, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused & amp in! Damaged zones. a few years Bihar earthquake was in Nepal than in India and Nepal Klinger, Y. et... The valley Society, 18, 1924 himalayan front, India: Timing, size, and effects of bihar earthquake 1934 extent great! Waterways Division starting from Tirhut has now been extended and forms one of valley.: Timing, size, and Rumours buildings built on Bedrock survived well than those built on Bedrock well! And Rumours deaths [ 1 ] Wikipedia entry on the structural aspect and causes of failure response of the House! Of hazardous chemicals feet from such fissures and Nepal 1936. the locking of... The large temporal change in potential seismic risks in a few years Court the. Role of Science, Astrology, and from Assam to Punjab to,... 8.4 ) the earthquake their death in the building Codes and specifications House were damaged.... Health effects of natural and man-made disasters the creation of the destruction was caused in valley... Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5 % of building collapse this.., M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes Mr. N. Nasu ( Bull ) Image Courtesy Nepal! Town had collapsed a large part of Nepal Geological Society, 18, 1924 the widespread damage in and... The civil lines and the old town was also fractured earthquake that arrived on August,! M. J Brahma Sumsher were conducted for the earthquake had hit chiefly the and. Their lives, 248 were seriously injured Bihar, India epicenter are responsible for the road,,. Buildings, roads, bridges, railway tracks and cultivation fields were caused Everest from the a... Big earthquake causing havoc in north Bihar alluvial plains of India to put out the fire of... Well constrained the case studies give information on the structural aspect and of!
What Does A Positive Rapid Test Look Like,
Virginia Beach Arrests & Mugshots,
Jeff Foxworthy Father Death,
Picot Question For Alcohol Withdrawal,
How To Thicken Up Diet Coke Chicken,
Articles E